B. Abelson, “HI Score: Towards a New Metric of Influence,” Harmony Insti- tute, 26 June 2012, http://harmony-institute.org/therippleeffect/2012/06/27/hi- score-towards-a-new-metric-of-influence/.
B. Abrash and J. Clark, “Social Justice Documentary: Designing for Impact,” Center for Social Media, September 2011, http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/ sites/default/files/documents/pages/designing_for_impact.pdf.
Ad Council, “Overview of Ad Council Research and Evaluation Procedures,” Harmony Institute, Date unknown, http://www.adcouncil.org/Impact/Research/ Overview-of-Ad-Council-Research-Evaluation-Procedures.
C.W. Anderson et al., “Post-industrial Journalism: Adapting to the Present,” Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Fall 2012, http://towcenter.org/wp-content/ uploads/2012/11/TOWCenter-Post_Industrial_Journalism.pdf.
D. Barrett and S. Leddy, “Assessing Creative Media’s Social Impact,” Fledgling Fund, December 2008, http://www.thefledglingfund.org/wp-content/uploads/ 2012/11/Impact-Paper.pdf.
J. Blakely, “Research Study Finds That a Film Can Have a Measurable Impact on Audience Behavior,” Norman Lear Center, 12 February 2012, http://www. learcenter.org/pdf/FoodInc.pdf.
J. Blakely, “TedX Phoenix—Movies for a Change,” YouTube, 12 February 2012, http://youtu.be/Pb0FZPzzWuk.
D. Bornstein, “Why We Need Solutions Journalism,” Skoll World Forum, 2012, http://skollworldforum.org/debate-post/why-we-need-solutions-journalism/.
R. Breeze, “Measuring Community Engagement: A Case Study from Chicago Public Media,” Reynolds Journalism Institute, 1 December 2011, http://www. rjionline.org/blog/measuring-community-engagement-case-study-chicago-public- media.
A. Brock et al., “Room for Improvement: Foundations’ Support of Nonprofit MediaShift, 11 May 2010, http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2010/05/5-needs-and-5-tools-for-measuring-media-impact131.html.
J. Clark and T. Van Slyke, “Investing in Impact,” Center for Social Media, 12 May 2010, http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/sites/default/files/documents/ pages/Investing_in_Impact.pdf.
Community Wealth Ventures, “How Nonprofit News Ventures Seek Sustainabil- ity,” Knight Foundation, October 2011, http://www.knightfoundation.org/media/ uploads/publication_pdfs/13664_KF_NPNews_Overview_10-17-2.pdf.
Channel 4 BritDoc Foundation Evaluation, http://britdoc.org/real_good/ evaluation.
S. Duros, “How Impact Counts for Hyperlocal News, but How to Count It?” Block By Block, 6 August 2012, http://www.blockbyblock.us/2012/08/06/impact- and-what-it-is-for-community-and-hyperlocal-news/.
S. Fisch and R. Truglio eds., G Is for Growing: Thirty Years of Research on Children and Sesame Street (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001).
S. Fox, “Why Are We Spending So Much Time ‘Measuring the Impact of Jour- nalism?’” UMass Journalism Profs, 30 March 2012, http://umassjournalismprofs. wordpress.com/2012/03/30/why-are-we-spending-so-much-time-measuring-the- impact-of-journalism/.
FSG Social Impact Advisors/John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, “Mea- suring the Online Impact of Your Information Project: A Primer for Practitioners and Funders,” FSG, 2010, http://www.fsg.org/tabid/191/ArticleId/428/Default.aspx?srpush=true.
FSG Social Impact Advisors and John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, “IMPACT: A Practical Guide to Evaluating Community Information Projects,” Knight Foundation, February 2011, http://www.knightfoundation.org/media/ uploads/publicationpdfs/Impact-a-guide-to-Evaluating_Community_Info Projects.pdf.
B. Gates, “My Plan to Fix the World’s Biggest Problems,” Wall Street Journal, 25 January 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142412788732353980457826 1780648285770.html.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, “A Guide to Actionable Measurement,” 2010, http://www.gatesfoundation.org/learning/Documents/guide-to-actionable- measurement.pdf.
S. Gigli, “What Is ‘Disruptive Metrics’,” InterMedia, 20 March 2013, http: //www.intermedia.org/2013/03/20/what-is-disruptive-metrics/.
K. E. Gill, “Carnival of Journalism: How to Measure What Matters?” Wired- Pen, 4 April 2012, http://wiredpen.com/2012/04/04/carnival-of-journalism-how- to-measure-what-matters/.
J. Gordon, “See, Say, Feel, Do: Social Media Metrics That Matter,” Fenton, Date unknown, http://www.fenton.com/resources/see-say-feel-do/.
L. Graves, “Traffic Jam: We’ll Never Agree About Online Audience Size,” Columbia Journalism Review, 7 September 2010, http://www.cjr.org/reports/ traffic_jam.php?page=all.
L. Graves et al., “Confusion Online: Faulty Metrics and the Future of Digital Journalism,” Tow Center for Digital Journalism, September 2010, http://www. journalism.columbia.edu/system/documents/345/original/online_metrics_report. pdf.
D. Green, “Eyeballs and Impact: Are We Measuring the Right Things If We Care About Social Progress?” Skoll World Forum, 2012, http://skollworldforum. org/debate-post/eyeballs-and-impact-are-we-measuring-the-right-things-if-we- care-about-social-progress/.
L. Green-Barber, “3 Investigations, 3 New Laws: See How CIR’s Stories Gain Macro Impact,” Center for Investigative Reporting, 2014, https://www. revealnews.org/article-legacy/3-investigations-3-new-laws-see-how-cirs-stories- gain-macro-impact/.
L. Green-Barber, “Creating an Impact Community,” Center for Investigative Reporting, 2014, http://cironline.org/blog/post/creating-impact-community-6301.
L. Green-Barber, “How Can Journalists Measure the Impact of Their Work? Notes Toward a Model of Measurement,” Nieman Journalism Lab, 2014, http: //www.niemanlab.org/2014/03/how-can-journalists-measure-the-impact-of-their- work-notes-toward-a-model-of-measurement/.
L. Green-Barber, “The Language of Impact: Introducing a Draft Glossary,” Center for Investigative Reporting, 2014, https://www.revealnews.org/article- legacy/the-language-of-impact-introducing-a-draft-glossary.
L. Green-Barber, “Measuring Media Impact: 5 Steps to Put You on Track,” Knight Foundation blog, 2014, http ://www. knightfoundation . org/blogs/ knightblog/2015/4/27/measuring-media-impact-5-steps-put-you/.
Harmony Institute, “Waiting for Superman: Entertainment Evaluation High- lights,” May 2011, http://harmony-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ WFS_Highlights_20110701.pdf.
L. Heedy and S. Keen, “SROI for Funders,” New Philanthropy Capital, September 2010, http://www.thinknpc.org/?attachment_id=815%5C&post- parent=4924df.
B. Hickman et al., “Best of MuckReads 2012,” ProPublica, 31 December 2012, http://www.propublica.org/article/best-of-muckreads-2012.
International Center For Journalists, “An Evaluation of the Knight Interna- tional Journalism Fellowships,” Date unknown, http://www.knightfoundation.org/ media/uploads/publicationpdfs/Evaluation_of_Knight_ICFJ_Fellowships final.pdf.
International Center For Journalists, “Evaluation Field Manual and Tools for the Knight International Journalism Fellowships,” January 2011, http://issuu. com/kijf/docs/icfj_knight_international_evaluation_manual.
J. Johnson, “A New Approach to Making Films That Matter,” GOOD, 11 January 2013, http://www.good.is/posts/a-new-approach-to-making-films-that- matter.
D. Karlan et al., “More Than Good Intentions: How a New Economics Is Helping to Solve Global Poverty,” Dutton, 2011, http://www.amazon.com/More- Than-Good-Intentions-Economics/dp/052595189X.
KETC 9, “Facing the Mortgage Crisis: People, Connections, Resources,” Cor- poration for Public Broadcasting, Spring 2008, http://www.stlmortgagecrisis.org/. R. Kohavi et al., “Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments: Five Puz- zling Outcomes Explained,” Microsoft, 2012, http://www.exp- platform.com/ Documents/puzzlingOutcomesInControlledExperiments.pdf.
M. Kramer and J. Kania, “Collective Impact,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter 2011, http://www.fsg.org/tabid/191/ArticleId/211/Default.aspx? srpush=true.
N.D. Kristof, “Getting Smart on Aid,” The New York Times, 18 May 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/19/opinion/19kristof.html?_r=1%5C& partner=rssnyt%5C&emc=rss.
G. King et al., “Matching As Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference,” Political Analysis, no. 15 (2007): 199–236, http://gking.harvard.edu/files/gking/files/matchp.pdf.
G. Linch, “Qualifying Impact: A Better Metric for Measuring Journalism,” greglinch.com, 14 January 2012, http://www.greglinch.com/blog/2012/01/14/ quantifying-impact-a-better-metric-for-measuring-journalism/.
M. Lewis and H. Niles, “Measuring Impact: The Art, Science and Mystery of Nonprofit News,” Investigative Reporting Workshop, 2013, http://irw.s3. amazonaws.com/uploads/measuring-impact-final-pdf.pdf.
LFA Group: Learning for Action/Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation/John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, “Deepening Engagement for Lasting Impact: Measuring Media Performance Results,” Learning for Action, February 2013, http://dmeforpeace.org/learn/deepening-engagement-lasting-impact-framework- measuring-media-performance-results.
Data Desk, “Complete Guide to the LAFD Data Controversy,” Los Ange-les Times, 12 April 2012 (ongoing), http://timelines.latimes.com/lafd- data- controversy/.
J. Mayer and R. Stern, “A Resource for Newsroom: Identifying and Measuring Audience Engagement Efforts,” Reynolds Journalism Institute, 3 June 2011, http://www.rjionline.org/sites/default/files/theengagementmetric-fullreport- spring2011.pdf.
McKinsey & Company, Social Impact Assessment Portal, http://lsi.mckinsey. com/.
National Center for Media Engagement (NCME), “Measuring Public Media’s Impact: Challenges and Opportunities,” March 2013, http://mediaengage.org/ CommunicateImpact/measure3.cfm.
E. Ní Ógáin et al., “Making an Impact: Impact Measurement Among Charities and Social Enterprises in the UK,” New Philanthropy Capital, October 2012, http://www.thinknpc.org/publications/making-an-impact/making-an-impact/.
J. Peters, “Some Newspapers, Tracking Readers Online, Shift Coverage,” The New York Times, 5 September 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/06/ business/media/06track.html.
J. Peters, “A Newspaper, and a Legacy, Reordered,” The New York Times, 11 February 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/business/media/the- washington-post-recast-for-a-digital-future.html?pagewanted=all%5C&_r=0.
A. Pilhofer, “Find the Right Metric for News,” aronpilhofer.com, 25 July 2012, http://aronpilhofer.com/post/27993980039/the-right-metric-for-news.
J. Priem et al., “The Altmetrics Collection,” Public Library of Science, 2012, http://www.ploscollections.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048753.
C. Ramsay et al., “Misinformation and the 2010 Election: A Study of the US Electorate,” World Public Opinion, 10 December 2010, http://www.worldpublicopinion. org/pipa/pdf/dec10/Misinformation_Dec10_rpt.pdf.
J. Reisman et al., “A Handbook of Data Collection Tools: Companion to ‘A Guide to Measuring Advocacy and Policy,’” Organizational Research Services, 2007, http://www.organizationalresearch.com/publicationsandresources/a_ handbook_of_data_collection_tools.pdf.
M. Rosenblum, “How to Quantify the Impact of Journalism,” New York Video School, 30 March 2012, http://www.nyvs.com/blog/user/michael/How-To- Quantify-The-Impact-of-Journalism.
M. Salagnik, “Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market,” Science, no. 311 (2006): 854, http://www.sciencemag. org/content/311/5762/854.short.
J. Search, Beyond the Box Office: New Documentary Valuations (May 2011), http://www.documentary.org/images/news/2011/AnInconvenientTruth_ BeyondTheBoxOffice.pdf.
Sparkwise, http://sparkwi.se/.
A. Spittle, “Defining New Metrics for Journalism,” andrewspittle.net, 28 April 2012, http://andrewspittle.net/2012/04/28/new-metrics/.
J. Stray, “By the Numbers, American Journalism Failed to Inform Voters,” jonathanstray.com, 29 December 2010, http://jonathanstray.com/american- journalism-failed-to-inform-voters.
J. Stray, “Designing Journalism to Be Used,” jonathanstray.com, 26 September 2010, http://jonathanstray.com/designing-journalism-to-be-used. J. Stray, “Does Journalism Work?” jonathanstray.com, 14 December 2010, http://jonathanstray.com/does-journalism-work.
J. Stray, “Metrics, Metrics Everywhere: How Do We Measure the Impact of Journalism?” Nieman Journalism Lab, 17 August 2012, http://www.niemanlab. org/2012/08/metrics-metrics-everywhere-how-do-we-measure-the-impact-of- journalism/.
E. A. Stuart, “Matching Methods for Causal Inference: A Review and a Look Forward,” Statistical Science 25, no. 1 (2010): 1–21, http://biostat.jhsph.edu/ ~estuart/Stuart10.StatSci.pdf.
R. J. Tofel, “Non-profit Journalism—Issues Around Impact: A White Paper from ProPublica,” ProPublica, February 2013, http://s3.amazonaws.com/ propublica/assets/about/LFA_ProPublica-white-paper_2.1.pdf.
TRASI: Tools and Resources for Assessing Social Impact, http://trasicommunity. ning.com/.
N. Ward/Infomart, “Un-juking the Stats: Measuring Journalism’s Impact on Society,” Infomart, 17 October 2012, https://www.infomart.com/un-juking-the- stats-measuring-journalisms-impact-on-society/.
N. Ward/Infomart, “We Become What We Measure: Developing Impact Met- rics for Journalism,” Infomart, 3 October 2012, http://www.infomart.com/2012/ 10/03/we-become-what-we-measure-developing-impact-metrics-for-journalism/.
L. Williams, “How Can News Organizations Assess Impact and Engagement?” Investigative News Network, 2013, http://newstraining.org/2013/09/25/how-can- news-organizations-assess-impact-and-engagement/.
J. M. White, “Bandit Algorithms for Website Optimization: Developing, De- ploying, and Debugging,” O’Reilly Media, 2012, http://oreilly.com/shop/product/ 0636920027393.html?bB=g.
“WITNESS Performance Dashboard,” December 2009, http://www3.witness. org/sites/default/files/downloads/witness-dashboard-evaluation-2010.pdf.
E. Zuckerman, “Metrics for Civic Impacts of Journalism,” ethanzucker- man.com, 30 June 2011, http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2011/06/ 30/metrics-for-civic-impacts-of-journalism/.